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星期六

  1. Johann Rehberger / Embrace The Red

    MCP 安全风险与利用链:不可信服务器与困惑的客户端

    安全研究者 Johann Rehberger 详细分析 MCP 的安全风险,指出仅将恶意工具服务器加入对话上下文即可劫持会话,无需实际调用工具。他演示了在工具元数据中嵌入隐藏 Unicode Tags 指令的端到端利用链,使 Claude 在用户界面看不到异常的情况下先调用 enter_matrix 工具,再执行用户请求的 message_of_the_day。作者称该 Claude 遵循隐藏 Unicode Tag 指令的问题早在 14 个月前就已负责任披露给 Anthropic,但未被视为安全漏洞,此次 MCP 弱点也在数周前告知 Anthropic 且仅得到可复现的回复。他建议不要随意连接不可信 MCP 或 OpenAPI 工具服务器,并检查代码、接口定义与隐藏指令。

    control. I provided feedback to vendors and via my blog that the user should be able to inspect exactly what information is being sent to a tool - most vendors are doing that now. GitHub Copilot Agent Mode, interestingly, also allows to modify the data being sent. Anyhow, let’s focus on a novel new trick. Sneaky Instructions in Tool Metadata If you follow my blog you know about hidden prompt injections and ASCII Smuggling. You will also recall that Anthropic did not see hidden prompt injection a

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星期二

  1. Ollama Blog精选

    斯坦福 Hazy Research 提出 Minions 协议,让本地小模型与云端大模型协作

    斯坦福 Hazy Research 实验室等研究者提出 Minions 方法,让 Llama 3.2 等本地小模型与 GPT-4o 等云端大模型协作,把部分 LLM 负载转移到消费级设备,以降低云端成本。其中 Minion 协议让云端模型与单个本地模型自由对话直至达成结果,远程成本降低 30.4 倍,同时保留 87% 的云端模型性能;MinionS 协议由云端模型把任务拆成小块子任务、由小模型并行处理,远程成本降低 5.7 倍,保留 97.9% 的性能。论文附带开源代码,可通过 Ollama 和 OpenAI API Key 运行 demo。

    en with instructions on entering your OpenAI API key, selecting a local model, and running either Minion or MinionS: Example code To run Minion or MinionS programmatically with Python, the minions package can be used. Minion First create a file named example.py and add the following contents: Then run the example: MinionS With a few modifications, the same code can be used to run the MinionS protocol: After making the modifications, re-run the example: Minions GitHub repository; Blog post; Paper

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星期一

  1. Johann Rehberger / Embrace The Red

    ChatGPT Operator 提示注入攻击实测与防御分析

    安全研究者 Johann Rehberger 实测发现,ChatGPT Operator 可被网页上的提示注入劫持,先跳转到用户已登录的站点读取邮箱、住址、电话等个人信息,再粘贴进第三方页面直接外传,且无需点击提交按钮。他在 Booking.com、The Guardian、YC Hacker News 等站点上均复现成功,并观察到 OpenAI 的缓解措施包括用户监控、对话内确认请求和提示注入监控,但这些防御是概率性的,通常在危险动作发生前才触发。作者约三周前已向 OpenAI 披露相关绕过细节,并表示该攻击场景目前已不再生效。

    user is prompted to “monitor” what Operator is doing, what text it types and buttons it clicks. It’s unclear for which pages this screen appears, so far, I mostly only tested with Github and Outlook but I assume it’s based on some data classification model that might detect user PII on screen or similar, rather than specific domain names. Mitigation 2: Inline Confirmation Requests Within the chat conversation, Operator may ask the user if a certain action should be performed or request clarifica

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星期三

  1. Cato AI Labs精选

    Aim Labs 披露 Cursor 经 MCP 自动启动触发远程代码执行漏洞 CurXecute

    Aim Labs 在 Cursor IDE 中发现高危漏洞 CurXecute,可导致完整的远程代码执行,编号 CVE-2025-54135,严重性评级 8.6。攻击路径是:当 Cursor 接入会读取外部内容的 MCP 服务器(如 Slack)时,一条被投毒的提示词就能诱导智能体改写 ~/.cursor/mcp.json;而 Cursor 会立即执行该文件新增的条目,并在用户确认前就写入磁盘,从而以用户权限执行攻击者命令。Cursor 已在 1.3 版本修复,更早版本仍受影响。

    rsor, a popular IDE, that already ships with Model Context Protocol (MCP) support. MCP turns a local agent into a swiss‑army knife by letting it spin up arbitrary servers – Slack, GitHub, databases – and call their tools from natural language. That power, however, intrinsically compromises the agent. The tools expose the agent to external and untrusted data, which can affect the agent’s control-flow. This in turn, allows attackers to hijack the agent’s session and take advantage of the agent’s p

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星期一

  1. Anthropic Engineering

    Claude 3.5 Sonnet 在 SWE-bench Verified 达到 49%,Anthropic 公开其智能体脚手架

    升级版 Claude 3.5 Sonnet 在 SWE-bench Verified 上取得 49%,超过此前最先进模型的 45%。Anthropic 介绍了围绕该模型构建的智能体:只用一个提示词、一个执行 bash 命令的 Bash Tool 和一个查看编辑文件的 Edit Tool,让模型自行决定解题步骤,并以字符串替换方式指定文件修改。文中还列出运行该评测的难点,包括单次成功运行常需数百轮交互、超过 100k token,以及隐藏测试和环境配置问题带来的评分偏差。

    Sonnet. SWE-bench is an AI evaluation benchmark that assesses a model's ability to complete real-world software engineering tasks. Specifically, it tests how the model can resolve GitHub issues from popular open-source Python repositories. For each task in the benchmark, the AI model is given a set up Python environment and the checkout (a local working copy) of the repository from just before the issue was resolved. The model then needs to understand, modify, and test the code before submitting

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星期四

  1. Lilian Weng:Lil'Log精选

    Lilian Weng 长文梳理强化学习中的奖励劫持

    Lilian Weng 在 Lil'Log 发布长文,系统梳理强化学习中的奖励劫持问题,即智能体利用奖励函数的缺陷或歧义获取高分却未真正完成任务。文章按 RL 任务、LLM 任务和现实生活分类列举实例,并讨论 RLHF 中代理奖励与真实奖励的差距、LLM 作为评估者的位置偏差,以及对抗奖励函数、解耦审批、异常检测等缓解思路。作者指出,随着模型能力增强,奖励劫持更易出现,而针对 RLHF 和 LLM 的实用缓解研究仍然有限。

    $ (sentiment) and $\pi^r {-}$ (sentiment), are statistically significant Cited as: Weng, Lilian. “Reward Hacking in Reinforcement Learning”. Lil’Log (Nov 2024). https://lilianweng.github.io/posts/2024-11-28-reward-hacking/. Or [1] Andrew Ng & Stuart Russell. “Algorithms for inverse reinforcement learning.”. ICML 2000. [2] Amodei et al. “Concrete problems in AI safety: Avoid reward hacking.” arXiv preprint arXiv:1606.06565 (2016). [3] Krakovna et al. “Specification gaming: the flip side of AI ing

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星期二

  1. Zyphra Research

    Zyphra 发布 5 万亿 token 数据集 Zyda-2,用 NVIDIA NeMo Curator 将处理时间从 3 周缩短到 2 天

    Zyphra 发布 Zyda-2,一个约 5 万亿 token 的宽松许可数据集,由 DCLM、FineWeb-Edu、Zyda-1 和 Dolma v1.7 的 Common Crawl 部分经跨数据集去重与模型过滤组合而成,已在 HuggingFace 上开放。借助 NVIDIA NeMo Curator 的 GPU 加速,数据处理从 CPU 上的 3 周缩短到 2 天,总拥有成本降低 2 倍。Zyphra 称用 Zyda-2 退火训练的模型在 MMLU、Hellaswag 等聚合评测上优于 DCLM 和 FineWeb-Edu,其 Zamba2 系列模型即基于该数据集的早期版本训练。

    o scale our data processing capabilities, but optimize costs. Download the Zyda-2 dataset directly from Hugging Face and train higher-accuracy models. For more information see our GitHub tutorial. Appendix Analysis of Global Duplicates Figure 7: Distribution of cluster sizes of duplicates in global dataset (log-log scale). Figure 8: Distribution of cluster sizes of duplicates in DCLM (log-log scale). Figure 9: Distribution of cluster sizes of duplicates in FineWeb-Edu2 (log-log scale). Figure 10

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星期四

  1. FutureHouse Research

    FutureHouse 详解 PaperQA2:如何让科学 RAG 超越科学家表现

    FutureHouse 发布工程博客,介绍其科学 RAG 系统 PaperQA2 的设计实验,称其在回答高难度科学问题、撰写综述文章和检测文献矛盾等任务上超过科学家的表现。团队基于 LitQA2 的 200 道专家多选题评测发现,智能体式查询扩展、LLM 重排与上下文摘要(RCS)、引用遍历对准确率重要,而嵌入模型选择、混合关键词嵌入、chunk 大小和结构化解析影响不大。新增的引用遍历工具通过 Semantic Scholar 和 Crossref API 前后各遍历一度引用,提升了正确论文的召回率。

    bove figure. As a novel tool in PaperQA2, we added a citation traversal tool, which we’ll dive into in a later section. PaperQA2 agentic configuration options can be found here in Github. We’ve included some descriptive statistics of PaperQA2’s agentic actions averaged across 3 LitQA2 benchmark runs (table below). Here we see that the agent is calling more than 4 tool calls per question on average, indicating that it’s not simply calling the tools in a deterministic order. This is especially app

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星期五

  1. FutureHouse Research精选

    FutureHouse 发布 WikiCrow:自动为 15616 个人类蛋白编码基因生成维基式条目

    FutureHouse 发布 WikiCrow,一个基于其 PaperQA 智能体平台的自动合成系统,可为技术主题生成带引用的维基百科式摘要。团队用它为 15616 个尚无条目或仅有残篇的人类蛋白编码基因生成草稿,每篇约 8 分钟,50 个实例并行,几天内完成,估计人工需约 60000 小时。评测显示 WikiCrow 约 9% 的陈述不正确,但引用来源的一致性明显优于人类编辑;PaperQA 在 PubMedQA Blind、MedQA-USMLE 及自建 LitQA 基准上优于 GPT-4、Perplexity 等系统。

    team at Allen Institute for AI , whose API for exploring the citation graph of science is a key feature of PaperQA. We plan to make the full WikiCrow and PaperQA code available on GitHub soon. Until then, the essential aspects of the PaperQA algorithm are available (although you will need access to your own repository of full text scientific articles), as well as the prompts used for WikiCrow . Benchmarking PaperQA In our evaluations, PaperQA outperforms GPT-4, Perplexity, and other LLMs, as wel

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