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星期二

  1. Air Street Press

    ElevenLabs 工程师解析如何缓解 AI 推理算力短缺

    ElevenLabs 研究工程师 Angelos Perivolaropoulos 介绍了如何通过标准工程优化,将语音推理的单 GPU 服务能力从 1 名用户提升至 70 名,架构级改造则可达到约 140 名。连续批处理、FP8 量化、多 token 预测和经蒸馏适配的 FP8 KV cache 是主要手段,其中 KV cache 缩小 2.5x 后,吞吐量从 28 名用户增至 70 名。各项技术会引入延迟、内存上限或质量损失,实际选择取决于具体工作负载。

    t. The KV cache holds far less redundant capacity than the weights do, so compressing it is genuinely lossy. Angelos was candid about this from his own testing: the much-discussed Google method TurboQuant was announced as lossless but, in his experience, proved lossy in practice, because any change to the cache is hard for the model to recover from. The fix is again on the training side: distill the model so it grows accustomed to a lower-precision FP8 cache, and you keep most of the accuracy wh

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星期六

  1. Ahead of AI

    近期大语言模型架构进展解析:KV 共享、mHC 与压缩注意力

    文章解析 Gemma 4、Laguna XS.2、ZAYA1-8B 和 DeepSeek V4 如何通过 KV 共享、分层注意力预算、mHC 与压缩注意力降低长上下文成本。Gemma 4 E2B 在 128K 上下文中可节省 2.7 GB KV cache,DeepSeek V4-Pro 在 1M-token 上下文下的单 token 推理 FLOPs 和 KV cache 分别降至 DeepSeek V3.2 的 27% 和 10%。这些设计显示 Transformer 架构正以更复杂但更具针对性的改动提升长上下文推理效率。

    and other concepts linked from the corresponding model cards and concept labels. For this tour of architecture advances and tweaks, we will go back to the beginning of April when Google released their new open-weight Gemma 4 suite of models. They come in 3 broad categories: the Gemma 4 E2B and E4B models for mobile and small, local (embedded) devices (aka IoT),; the Gemma 4 26B mixture-of-experts (MoE) model, optimized for efficient local inference,; and the Gemma 4 31B dense model, for maximum

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星期二

  1. Modal 官方工程博客

    Modal 如何实现真正的无服务器 GPU

    Modal 官方工程博客详解其无服务器 GPU 方案,通过云缓冲、自定义文件系统 ImageFS、CPU 检查点恢复和 CUDA 检查点恢复四项优化,把 AI 推理服务副本的启动时间从约 2000 秒缩短到 50 秒,提速 40 倍。其中 GPU 内存快照让 vLLM 或 SGLang 服务约 1 GiB 模型(Qwen 3 0.6B bf16)的冷启动典型提速 4-10 倍,Reducto 的冷启动从约 70 秒降到约 12 秒。作者称该技术栈已在数千万个副本规模上运行,过去三个月有数百家组织使用 CPU 和 GPU 快照。

    Diagram indicating latency to scale up an inference server in a baseline cloud system and on Modal

    f latency from replica spin-up. Managing both active instances and this buffer is a fun linear programming problem, as we’ve written elsewhere. Very roughly, it looks like: We use Google’s GLOP solver, feeding it scraped prices from cloud providers and tasks from users. Because cloud providers don’t always have capacity at prices and in regions that they advertise, we need to also feed back in the observed supply. Running a buffer limits the peak allocation utilization below 100%. This is a reas

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星期三

  1. One Useful Thing

    智能体时代该用哪个 AI:模型、应用与 harness 指南

    Ethan Mollick 发布第八版 AI 使用指南,指出使用 AI 已从聊天转向智能体,选型需同时考虑模型、应用和 harness 三层。他给出的三大前沿模型是 GPT-5.2/5.3、Claude Opus 4.6 和 Gemini 3 Pro,并建议做实际工作时手动选择高级模型而非默认的自动模式。他认为模型差距已经缩小,应用与 harness 的差异更关键,Claude Code、Claude Cowork、OpenAI Codex 等工具在工具调用和自主执行上领先,Gemini 网页端在生成文档和引用方面仍较弱。

    roducts you actually use to talk to a model, and which let models do real work for you. The most common app is the website for each of these models: chatgpt.com, claude.ai, gemini.google.com (or else their equivalent application on your phone). Increasingly, there are other apps made by each of these AI companies as well, including coding tools like OpenAI Codex or Claude Code, and desktop tools like Claude Cowork. Harnesses are what let the power of AI models do real work, like a horse harness

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星期三

  1. Ahead of AI精选

    DeepSeek V3 至 V3.2 模型技术演进全览

    DeepSeek V3.2 延续 V3 系列架构,并引入 DeepSeek Sparse Attention、自验证、自改进及多项 GRPO 训练调整。文章梳理了 V3、R1、V3.1、V3.2-Exp、DeepSeekMath V2 和 V3.2-Speciale 的演进,解释 MLA、RLVR 与混合推理模式等关键机制。更新部分还介绍了用于改善训练稳定性和收敛表现的 mHC 残差路径研究。

    ure, using DeepSeek V3 as a base model) helped DeepSeek become one of the most popular open-weight models and a legit alternative to proprietary models such as the ones by OpenAI, Google, xAI, and Anthropic. So, what’s new since V3/R1? I am sure that the DeepSeek team has been super busy this year. However, there hasn’t been a major release in the last 10-11 months since DeepSeek R1. Personally, I think it’s reasonable to go 1 year for a major LLM release since it’s A LOT of work. However, I saw

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星期二

  1. Ahead of AI

    标准 LLM 之外有哪些替代架构

    Sebastian Raschka 梳理了标准自回归 Transformer 之外的线性注意力混合架构、文本扩散模型、代码世界模型和小型递归 Transformer。文章比较了这些路线在长上下文效率、生成质量、代码建模和专用推理上的取舍,并认为通用项目目前仍应优先采用成熟的自回归 Transformer。

    ace autoregressive LLMs. However, I can see them as interesting alternatives to smaller, on-device LLMs, or perhaps replacing smaller, distilled autoregressive LLMs. For instance, Google announced that it is working on a Gemini Diffusion model for text, where they state Rapid response: Generates content significantly faster than even our fastest model so far. And while being faster, it appears that the benchmark performance remains on par with their fast Gemini 2.0 Flash-Lite model. It will be i

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星期三

  1. vLLM 官方博客

    vLLM 详解 torch.compile 的工作原理与集成方式

    vLLM 介绍了 torch.compile 的工作原理,以及它如何通过编译缓存、动态批量大小、分段 CUDA Graphs 和自定义编译器 pass 优化大语言模型推理。vLLM V1 默认在在线与离线推理中启用该能力,部分融合优化可带来最高 15% 的性能提升。文章还说明了缩短启动时间、改用更稳定 API 和探索 MPK/Mirage 编译器集成等后续方向。

    ommitters and the UC Berkeley team. Each session covers recent updates, a deep dive with a guest speaker, and open Q&A. Join us every other Thursday at 2:00 PM ET / 11:00 AM PT on Google Meet, and get the recording and slides afterward on our YouTube playlist. Introduction Fast large language model (LLM) inference today requires executing models as efficiently as possible across diverse hardware, workloads, and scale. Efficient execution requires heavily optimized kernels that often require hand

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星期六

  1. Ahead of AI精选

    从 GPT-2 到 gpt-oss:解析 OpenAI 开放权重模型的架构演进

    文章解析 OpenAI 的 gpt-oss-20b 和 gpt-oss-120b,并将其架构与 GPT-2、Qwen3 对比。两款模型采用 MoE、GQA、滑动窗口注意力、RMSNorm 和 MXFP4,其中 20B 模型可装入 16 GB 显存,120B 模型可在单张 80 GB H100 上运行。作者还讨论了宽度与深度、专家规模、推理强度控制及模型幻觉等问题。

    ithin standard error, and the winner will depend heavily on hyperparameter tuning. Swish is used in most architectures today. However, GELU is not entirely forgotten; for example, Google's Gemma models still use GELU. What's more notable, though, is that the feed forward module (a small multi-layer perceptron) is replaced by a gated "GLU" counterpart, where GLU stands for gated linear unit and was proposed in a 2020 paper. Concretely, the 2 fully connected layers are replaced by 3 fully connecte

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星期五

  1. Anthropic Engineering精选

    Anthropic 如何构建多智能体研究系统

    Anthropic 工程团队公开了 Claude Research 功能背后的多智能体架构:由主智能体规划并派生并行子智能体搜索,采用 orchestrator-worker 模式。内部评测显示,以 Claude Opus 4 为主智能体、Claude Sonnet 4 为子智能体的多智能体系统在内部研究评测上比单智能体 Claude Opus 4 高出 90.2%,但多智能体系统消耗的 token 约为普通对话的 15 倍。文章还给出提示词设计、工具描述、LLM-as-judge 评估以及生产环境可靠性方面的具体经验。

    Claude now has Research capabilities that allow it to search across the web, Google Workspace, and any integrations to accomplish complex tasks. The journey of this multi-agent system from prototype to production taught us critical lessons about system architecture, tool design, and prompt engineering. A multi-agent system consists of multiple agents (LLMs autonomously using tools in a loop) working together. Our Research feature involves an agent that plans a research process based on user quer

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星期五

  1. Lilian Weng:Lil'Log

    LLM 驱动的自主智能体:规划、记忆与工具调用综述

    Lilian Weng 在 Lil'Log 撰文梳理以 LLM 为核心控制器的自主智能体架构,将其拆解为规划、记忆和工具调用三大组件。规划部分涵盖 CoT、Tree of Thoughts、LLM+P 等任务分解方法,以及 ReAct、Reflexion、Chain of Hindsight、Algorithm Distillation 等自我反思机制。记忆部分区分短期上下文学习与基于外部向量库的长期记忆,并介绍 LSH、ANNOY、HNSW、FAISS、ScaNN 等快速 MIPS 检索算法;工具调用部分则列举 MRKL、TALM、Toolformer、HuggingGPT、API-Bank 以及 ChemCrow 等科学发现智能体案例。文末指出有限上下文长度、长期规划与任务分解、自然语言接口可靠性三类常见局限。

    guage Models with Optimal Planning Proficiency” arXiv preprint arXiv:2304.11477 (2023). [5] Yao et al. “ReAct: Synergizing reasoning and acting in language models.” ICLR 2023. [6] Google Blog. “Announcing ScaNN: Efficient Vector Similarity Search” July 28, 2020. [8] Shinn & Labash. “Reflexion: an autonomous agent with dynamic memory and self-reflection” arXiv preprint arXiv:2303.11366 (2023). [9] Laskin et al. “In-context Reinforcement Learning with Algorithm Distillation” ICLR 2023. [10] Karpas

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星期三

  1. Lilian Weng:Lil'Log

    Lilian Weng 长文梳理提示词工程方法:从零样本到 CoT 与工具调用

    Lilian Weng 发布提示词工程综述,系统梳理零样本、少样本、指令提示、CoT、自洽采样、检索增强与外部工具调用等方法,并指出提示词效果因模型而异,需要大量实验和启发式调整。文章还汇总了示例选择与排序、自动提示词生成、Tree of Thoughts、Toolformer 等方向的研究,并附 26 篇论文引用。

    e retrieved content as part of the prompt. The accuracy of such a process depends on the quality of both retrieval and generation steps. Lazaridou et al. (2022) studied how to use Google Search for document retrieval to augment LLMs. Given a question $q$, clean text is extracted out of 20 URLs returned by Google, resulting in a set of documents. Because these documents are long, each document is split into paragraphs of 6 sentences, $\{p\}$. Paragraphs are ranked by TF-IDF based cosine similarit

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