Redwood Research 提出 NLS depth:衡量模型不可言说串行推理的代理指标
Redwood Research 提出 NLS depth(Natural-Language-rooted node-Separated depth),用于量化模型在不经过自然语言瓶颈的情况下能执行的串行认知量,是对 GDM 论文中“不透明串行深度”概念的具体化。该指标要求瓶颈节点由预训练先验初始化并输出自然语言(含代码、JSON、图像 patch),且不扩展输出空间,可在训练前仅凭架构与训练配方判定。作者认为 NLS depth 可与可监控性、无 CoT 能力追踪互补,但对其对后训练选择不敏感。

shown in Figure 1. Figure 1: There’s a strong correlation between NLS depth and the number of layers in open-source models. Note: Models like Kimi-K3 that use Gated DeltaNets and DeepSeek-V4-Pro have significantly higher NLS depth per layer than the other more standard transformers listed in Figure 1. We think that the architectural changes that give Kimi-K3 higher depth is indeed somewhat concerning from a monitorability perspective. On the other hand, we consider DeepSeek-V4-Pro’s high depth
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