Former Google CEO Eric Schmidt Says OpenAI and Anthropic Are Like Modern Colonial Trading Companies
Historian Niall Ferguson, researcher Lisa Klaassen, and former Google CEO Eric Schmidt wrote in Foreign Affairs, comparing OpenAI and Anthropic to colonial-era East India Companies, arguing that they negotiate with governments but remain constrained by them. The article cites the example of the U.S. Commerce Department in June requiring Anthropic to cut off foreign nationals' access to its two most powerful models; because Anthropic could not verify users' nationalities in real time, it took Fable 5 and Mythos 5 offline worldwide. About two weeks later, export controls on Fable 5 were lifted, while Mythos 5 remains available only to certain U.S. institutions. The authors also say U.S. tech companies plan to invest more than $600 billion in 2026, much of it debt-financed, while China plans to invest $295 billion over five years, and they propose an "imperial trilemma" in which defense, technological leadership, and the welfare state are difficult to achieve at the same time.
Historian Niall Ferguson, researcher Lisa Klaassen, and former Google CEO Eric Schmidt wrote in Foreign Affairs, comparing OpenAI and Anthropic to colonial-era East India Companies, arguing that they negotiate with governments but remain constrained by them. The article cites the example of the U.S. Commerce Department in June requiring Anthropic to cut off foreign nationals' access to its two most powerful models; because Anthropic could not verify users' nationalities in real time, it took Fab
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