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星期三

  1. Johann Rehberger / Embrace The Red精选

    GitHub Copilot 提示词注入致远程代码执行(CVE-2025-53773)

    安全研究者 Johann Rehberger 披露 GitHub Copilot 与 VS Code 中的提示词注入漏洞 CVE-2025-53773,攻击者可通过源码文件、网页、GitHub issue 或 MCP 返回内容中的注入指令,向 ~/.vscode/settings.json 写入 "chat.tools.autoApprove": true,使 Copilot 进入 YOLO 模式并关闭全部用户确认,进而执行终端命令实现远程代码执行。该漏洞影响 Windows、macOS 和 Linux,作者演示了下载恶意软件、接入远程命令控制服务器,以及通过感染文件在 Git 项目间传播的 AI 病毒思路。作者于 2025 年 6 月 29 日报告,微软在 8 月补丁星期二发布修复;文中还提到 .vscode/tasks.json 和伪造 MCP 服务器等其他可导致代码执行的攻击面。

    all models are vulnerable to such invisible prompt injection attacks. Recommendations and Fix There are actually more attack angles then just the YOLO mode example I shared. When Microsoft asked me if there is any more info I have, I had looked a bit more and noticed there are other problematic places, for instance .vscode/tasks.json that the AI can write to, or adding fake malicious MCP servers, etc which can lead to code execution. And the AI can reconfigure the user interface and configurati

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星期六

  1. Johann Rehberger / Embrace The Red

    OpenHands 的致命三要素:提示注入如何泄露访问 Token

    安全研究者 Johann Rehberger 披露 OpenHands(原 OpenDevin)存在零点击数据外泄漏洞:网页、源码或上传文档中的提示注入可借 Markdown 图片渲染,把容器内的 GITHUB_TOKEN 以 Base64 编码发送到第三方服务器。作者称直接读取 Token 会被模型拒绝,但通过只匹配 ghp_ 等子串并配合编码可绕过,且 OpenHands 对密钥的明文遮蔽也能被绕过。该漏洞于 2025 年 3 月 13 日私下报告给 All-Hands AI,148 天后未获修复,作者遂于 8 月 9 日公开;缓解建议是禁止渲染不可信域名的图片,例如用 Content-Security-Policy 限制图片来源。

    nnel. This is the web request the server received: As you can see, the server received the Base64-encoded token. Most vendors classify such vulnerabilities with High severity, and Microsoft marks such zero-click data leaks even Critical in their AI Bug Bar. Scary stuff. Responsible Disclosure March 13th, 2025: Disclosed to All-Hands AI via the GitHub security tab of the project; March 20th, 2025: Follow up, no response; March 30th, 2025: Vulnerability not triaged. Hence, I created a public ticke

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星期四

  1. Johann Rehberger / Embrace The Red

    Devin AI 如何通过多种途径泄露你的密钥

    安全研究者 Johann Rehberger 展示了 Devin 在间接提示词注入下通过多种方式将敏感信息发送到第三方服务器,包括利用 Shell 工具执行 curl 或 Python 脚本、用浏览器访问带数据的攻击者 URL、在聊天框渲染 Markdown 图片,以及把 Jira 和 Slack token 粘贴到第三方网站。作者还测试了 Slack 链接展开与不可见 Unicode Tag 字符(ASCII Smuggling)手法,发现 Cognition 已禁用 Devin 发帖时的链接展开,但用户点击链接仍可能通过 URL 编码泄露隐藏字符。这些漏洞于 2025 年 4 月 6 日报告给 Cognition,超过 120 天未获修复时间表,作者建议默认限制互联网访问并禁止渲染不可信域名的图片和超链接。

    cret, the browser will URL encode the hidden characters and send them as part of the HTTP request. This is something, I first demonstrated last year with the Copirate research and Microsoft Copilot that Microsoft addressed by the way. Here is what happened when I clicked the link that Devin sent to Slack: You can expand the image to see the full screen version. This is an important reminder of how the output of LLMs can have side effects that don’t surface immediately but surface in downstream s

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星期日

  1. Johann Rehberger / Embrace The Red

    Anthropic Filesystem MCP Server 存在目录访问绕过漏洞

    Anthropic 的 Filesystem MCP Server 因 validatePath 函数仅用 .startsWith 校验路径、未强制路径为目录,导致允许 /mnt/finance/data 时 Claude 也能访问 data-archived 等同前缀目录。作者于 2025 年 6 月 1 日报告该漏洞,Anthropic 在支持 MCP roots 功能的重写版本中已修复。

    . Conclusion This bug highlighted an interesting vulnerability that I consider a typical classical security issue. In the beginning of my career, I worked on filesystem drivers at Microsoft (WinFS and SQL Server), and back then I learned that file system security is actually quite difficult to get right. My main take-away is that AI system at large, but especially MCP servers, often suffer from “classic” vulnerability types that we sometimes haven’t seen in a long time. References Newer →; Conta

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星期二

  1. DevClass

    微软向 VS Code 1.102 塞入更多 Copilot 功能,开发者抱怨 AI 臃肿

    微软将 VS Code 更新至 1.102,9 项重点功能中 8 项与 Copilot 相关,MCP 支持正式 GA,扩展视图新增 MCP Servers 板块(目前收录 37 个服务器)。部分开发者抱怨“更多 AI 臃肿”,微软则称遥测显示 AI 功能使用率高于调试或测试。

    AI/ML Microsoft has updated Visual Studio Code (VS Code) to version 1.102 with another bundle of Copilot features including general availability of MCP (Model Context Protocol) support. In the summary of key features in this release, 8 out of 9 are Copilot related, leaving just one (scroll the editor on middle click) as a non-AI feature. MCP support is now generally available, and there is a new MCP Servers section in the VS Code Extensions view. This links to an MCP list on the VS Code website,

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星期一

  1. Vapi Blog

    Azure 之外的 8 个语音 AI STT 替代方案:Vapi 博客盘点

    Vapi 博客盘点了 Azure 之外的 8 个语音 AI 语音转文本(STT)替代方案:Gladia、AssemblyAI、Deepgram、Cartesia、Talkscriber、OpenAI、Speechmatics 和 Elevenlabs。这些提供商均原生支持 Vapi,开发者只需修改一个 JSON 参数即可切换模型进行测试。其中 Gladia 端到端延迟低于 100 ms,AssemblyAI 新模型在开放域英语基准上词准确率达 90–95%,Deepgram 提供低于 300 毫秒延迟的定制模型。

    cture. It runs on-premises or at the network edge, so recorded calls, medical dictations, and confidential meetings never touch external servers. Azure lets you pick a region, but Microsoft still owns the hardware. Cartesia puts everything in your rack, giving you complete control. They back this approach with SOC 2 credentials and full audit logs that plug into your existing security tools. You control retention, access policies, and deletion schedules without complicated shared-responsibility

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星期一

  1. Benedict Evans:Blog

    AI 指标之问:Benedict Evans 谈生成式 AI 的度量困境

    Benedict Evans 指出,生成式 AI 的常用指标如 OpenAI 的周活跃用户数、Google 和微软的 token 生成量都难以说明真实使用情况,因为模型效率提升、智能体与媒体创作消耗更多 token 等因素让数据难以解读。他认为 DAU 时长和留存率等指标更有价值,但第三方在移动端难以采集,且 LLM 能否像 Google 搜索那样形成正向反馈循环尚不明确。他提出最终问题在于 LLM 会主要作为面向用户的通用聊天机器人,还是嵌入其他产品中,后者将让使用量测量变得像统计 SQL 使用次数一样无意义。

    they say yes, do they mean they’re rebuilding their invoice processing around an LLM or that someone in marketing does mockups with MidJourney sometimes? Google IO 2025 Google and Microsoft have given charts of ‘tokens generated’, and even label the axis, but this is very much like reporting bandwidth growth in 1996: it looks great and certainly tells us that something is going up, but there are too many multipliers to know what that something really is. Usage and users are growing, yes, but mea

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  2. Johann Rehberger / Embrace The Red

    用 MCP Server 托管 COM 对象:实现 Windows 与 Office 自动化

    Johann Rehberger 开发了 mcp-com-server,通过 MCP 协议抽象 Windows COM 对象,提供 CreateObject、Get/Set Property、InvokeMethod、QueryInterface 和 ListAllHostedServers 等工具,并设有 CLSID/ProgID 允许列表作为基本缓解措施。接入 Claude 后,该服务器可创建、打开、编辑并保存 Excel 文件,再打开 Outlook 发送邮件,还能调用 SAPI COM 对象让 Claude 发声,甚至复活 Internet Explorer。源代码已在 GitHub 发布。

    When the Model Context Protocol (MCP) came out it reminded me of the Common Object Model (COM) from Microsoft. COM has been around for decades and it’s used for programming, scripting, sharing of functionality at a binary/object level across languages and hosts. Via DCOM all of this can even be done remotely, and well, it’s also useful for red teaming. A lot of software on Windows was/is implemented as COM objects, including Microsoft Office. Here are some of the similarities of the two standard

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星期五

  1. Vapi Blog

    Vapi 如何用 AI 降噪工具提升语音清晰度

    Vapi 通过传统算法与 AI 模型结合的降噪方案,让语音智能体在真实噪声环境下保持清晰识别,支持超过 100 种语言。其降噪能力可提升语音转文字准确率、减少用户重复表达,并降低噪声引发的模型幻觉;开发者还可通过“Bring Your Own Model”接入自定义降噪模型。

    ise reduction with minimal speech distortion using this approach. Transformer Models use attention-based architectures showing promising results for complex, non-stationary noise. Microsoft's research demonstrates how transformers outperform traditional methods in challenging environments. Vapi's flexible 'Bring Your Own Model' options accommodate custom noise reduction models, letting developers integrate preferred techniques. Choosing the Right Approach Selecting between traditional and ML met

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星期四

  1. Ollama Blog

    Ollama 推出多模态模型新引擎,支持 Llama 4、Gemma 3、Qwen 2.5 VL 等视觉模型

    Ollama 发布新的多模态引擎,开始支持 Meta Llama 4、Google Gemma 3、Qwen 2.5 VL、Mistral Small 3.1 等视觉模型,可进行多图理解、文档扫描与字符识别。此前 Ollama 依赖 ggml-org/llama.cpp 提供模型支持,新引擎让每个模型自包含并暴露自己的投影层,同时加入图像缓存、显存估算与 KV cache 优化,例如针对 Gemma 3 的滑动窗口注意力和 Llama 4 Scout 的分块注意力。后续计划支持更长上下文、思考/推理、流式工具调用和 computer use。

    M Granite, and the many countless people & labs in the community. GGML Thank you to the GGML team for the tensor library that powers Ollama’s inference. Being able to access GGML directly from Go has given a portable way to design custom inference graphs and tackle harder model architectures not available before in Ollama. Hardware partners Thank you to hardware partners for collaborating and helping to improve inference on a large number of devices - NVIDIA, AMD, Qualcomm, Intel, and Microsoft.

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星期六

  1. Johann Rehberger / Embrace The Red

    MCP 安全风险与利用链:不可信服务器与困惑的客户端

    安全研究者 Johann Rehberger 详细分析 MCP 的安全风险,指出仅将恶意工具服务器加入对话上下文即可劫持会话,无需实际调用工具。他演示了在工具元数据中嵌入隐藏 Unicode Tags 指令的端到端利用链,使 Claude 在用户界面看不到异常的情况下先调用 enter_matrix 工具,再执行用户请求的 message_of_the_day。作者称该 Claude 遵循隐藏 Unicode Tag 指令的问题早在 14 个月前就已负责任披露给 Anthropic,但未被视为安全漏洞,此次 MCP 弱点也在数周前告知 Anthropic 且仅得到可复现的回复。他建议不要随意连接不可信 MCP 或 OpenAPI 工具服务器,并检查代码、接口定义与隐藏指令。

    they all suffer from prompt injection and confused deputy threats. Many of the exploits we have discussed in the past involved tool invocation, from Zapier and ChatGPT exploits to Microsoft Copirate exploit to search email before leaking them, all of these required to know what tools are accessible and how to invoke them. So I figured, I spend some time explaining how I go about debugging and discovering things, in this case with MCP. Anthropic discusses prompt injection and other risks in their

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星期四

  1. Johann Rehberger / Embrace The Red

    Sneaky Bits:用两个不可见字符走私任意数据的 ASCII Smuggler 新技巧

    安全研究者 Johann Rehberger 发布 Sneaky Bits 技术,仅用两个不可见 Unicode 字符(U+2062 表示 0、U+2064 表示 1)即可编码任意 Unicode 字符或原始字节,并已作为非默认选项加入 ASCII Smuggler 工具。该工具同时新增对 Variant Selectors 的支持、debug 模式和 auto-decode,默认仍使用 Unicode Tags 编码。这类隐藏字符可用于提示注入、数据泄露和 URL 外传,作者建议通过输入输出校验、限制 token 长度和移除不可见字符来缓解。

    overview of the various techniques: Unicode Tags We discussed this at length in the ASCII Smuggler post in the past, and highlighted real-world exploits using this technique with Microsoft Copilot and a few other LLM Chatbots. We also got fixes in from a few vendors at the API level, which is great! This technique is unique because many LLMs inherently interpret Unicode Tag characters as instructions. These characters can also be generated by LLMs, enabling data exfiltration. Variant Selectors

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星期一

  1. Sam Altman Blog

    Sam Altman 谈 AI 经济学的三项观察与 AGI 的社会影响

    Sam Altman 提出 AI 经济学的三项观察,认为模型智能随训练与推理资源投入增长,同等智能水平的使用成本约每 12 个月下降 10x,而智能提升带来的社会经济价值呈超指数增长。OpenAI 正开始推出最终可充当虚拟同事的 AI 智能体,但仍需大量人工监督和指导。文章还讨论了 AGI 对科学进步、商品价格、就业形态及资本与劳动权力平衡的潜在影响,并主张扩大个人对技术的控制与收益分配。

    ks especially to Josh Achiam, Boaz Barak and Aleksander Madry for reviewing drafts of this. By using the term AGI here, we aim to communicate clearly, and we do not intend to alter or interpret the definitions and processes that define our relationship with Microsoft. We fully expect to be partnered with Microsoft for the long term. This footnote seems silly, but on the other hand we know some journalists will try to get clicks by writing something silly so here we are pre-empting the silliness…

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星期三

  1. Cato AI Labs精选

    Aim Labs 披露 Cursor 经 MCP 自动启动触发远程代码执行漏洞 CurXecute

    Aim Labs 在 Cursor IDE 中发现高危漏洞 CurXecute,可导致完整的远程代码执行,编号 CVE-2025-54135,严重性评级 8.6。攻击路径是:当 Cursor 接入会读取外部内容的 MCP 服务器(如 Slack)时,一条被投毒的提示词就能诱导智能体改写 ~/.cursor/mcp.json;而 Cursor 会立即执行该文件新增的条目,并在用户确认前就写入磁盘,从而以用户权限执行攻击者命令。Cursor 已在 1.3 版本修复,更早版本仍受影响。

    ls remain essential even after patches and Aim Security supplies these state of the art protections. In June we disclosed EchoLeak, the first zero‑click exfiltration chain against Microsoft 365 Copilot. It proved that untrusted content (a single inbound e‑mail) could hijack an LLM’s inner loop and leak whatever data the model could see - without user action. EchoLeak underscored another critical lesson: if outside context can steer an AI-agent, any agent can have its control flow hijacked and it

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星期四

  1. Answer.AI 官方研发博客

    Answer.AI 与 LightOn 发布 ModernBERT,为 BERT 提供替代方案

    Answer.AI 与 LightOn 发布 ModernBERT,一个编码器专用模型系列,提供 base(149M 参数)和 large(395M 参数)两个版本,可作为 BERT 类模型的直接替换。它把上下文长度从多数编码器的 512 提升到 8192 token,并首次在编码器训练数据中加入大量代码,在检索、自然语言理解和代码检索任务上整体优于主流模型,速度最高可达 DeBERTa 的 4 倍。模型将随 transformers v4.48.0 发布,在此之前需从 main 分支安装,官方建议搭配 Flash Attention 2 使用。

    ng, where the model learns its most basic understanding of language. The second trick is far more uncommon: weight initialization via tiling for the larger model size, inspired by Microsoft’s Phi family of models. This one’s based on the following realization: Why initialize the ModernBERT-large’s initial weights with random numbers when we have a perfectly good (if we dare say so ourselves) set of ModernBERT-base weights just sitting there? And indeed, it turns out that tiling ModernBERT-base’s

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星期二

  1. Microsoft AI Blog

    微软 AI 推出面向所有人的 AI 伴侣 Copilot

    微软 AI CEO Mustafa Suleyman 宣布,微软 AI 正在打造面向所有人的 AI 伴侣 Copilot,它能理解用户生活情境、保护隐私与数据安全,并记住对当下最有帮助的细节。Copilot 将随时间适配用户习惯,在获得许可后可代为行动,例如陪同就诊、记录笔记并适时跟进,或分担筹备孩子生日聚会的负担。Suleyman 称最新 Copilot 更新只是这一方向上的最初几步。

    Signature of Mustafa Suleyman

    rything from invention to forming relationships. Copilot will be there for you, in your corner, by your side and always strongly aligned with your interests. Mustafa Suleyman, CEO Microsoft AI In the field of AI, we often get caught up in the technical details. We spend our time talking about parameters and compute. The focus is on training runs, datacenters and the latest techniques. This is natural and inevitable when operating on the frontiers of something new, where the details do really mat

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星期二

  1. Zyphra Research

    Zyphra 发布 1.2B 小模型 Zamba2-mini,权重以 Apache 2.0 开源

    Zyphra 发布 1.2B 小语言模型 Zamba2-mini,称其达到 Llama2 7B 级别的性能,4bit 量化下内存占用不足 700MB,并以 Apache 2.0 协议开源模型权重。该模型采用 Mamba2 与共享注意力层交替的混合架构,相比 Phi1.5-1.3B 首 token 时间快 1.67 倍、内存开销降低 23.3%。模型在约 3T token 的 Zyda 及公开数据集上预训练,并在 100B 高质量 token 上退火,已提供 Hugging Face 集成与纯 PyTorch 实现。

    ce efficiency compared to models of a similar scale and larger such as Gemma-2B (Google), SmolLM-1.7B (Huggingface), OpenELM-1.1B (Apple), StableLM-1.6B (StabilityAI) and Phi-1.5 (Microsoft); Zamba2-mini is extremely inference-efficient, achieving 1.67x faster time-to-first-token and a 23.3% reduction in memory overhead compared to Phi1.5-1.3B; We release the model weights open-source (Apache 2.0) Zamba2-mini (1.2B) Efficiency Zamba2-mini achieves the quality of a 2-3B dense transformer while on

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星期一

  1. Benedict Evans:Blog

    搜索竞争:Google 默认协议被判违法之后

    Benedict Evans 分析美国法院本周裁定 Google 的默认搜索协议违法一事,指出搜索是依靠用户行为强化的飞轮,Google 2022 年向苹果支付约 200 亿美元、向其他公司支付 100 亿美元换取默认地位,美国 50% 的搜索发生在有默认合同的渠道上。他认为法院大概率会叫停 TAC 支付,但后续补救措施效果不明,苹果、三星、微软与 Google 之间的博弈结果难以预判。他还提到 LLM 的出现改变了人们对搜索本身的想象,可能成为绕开 Google 强化学习引擎的入口,但对幻觉问题能否被现有厂商更好处理持怀疑态度。

    e and so you wouldn’t have Google’s quality. In tech this is called a network effect; in competition theory it’s called a natural monopoly. Hence, Bing. Satya Nadella claimed that Microsoft has invested $100bn in search to date, yet Bing has only 5% of US search traffic, and both its results and its revenue-per-query are worse. It’s stuck on the wrong side of that virtuous circle. However, there's another virtuous circle: everyone uses Google because it's the default, it's the default because it

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星期四

  1. Suno:Blog精选

    Suno 回应唱片公司诉讼:称诉讼在事实和法律上均站不住脚

    Suno 就大型唱片公司提起的诉讼作出回应,称该诉讼在事实和法律上均存在根本缺陷,是唱片公司选择诉讼而非创新的又一例。Suno 表示其模型通过类似人类学习音乐风格与模式的方式创作新音乐,训练数据来自公开互联网上的中高质量音乐,并称诉讼发生时公司正与 RIAA 主要唱片公司成员进行富有成效的讨论。目前已有超过 1200 万人在使用 Suno 以新方式参与音乐创作。

    The Future of Music

    ck music. Like that kid, Suno gets better the more our AI learns. We train our models on medium- and high-quality music we can find on the open internet — just as Google's Gemini, Microsoft's Copilot, Anthropic's Claude, OpenAI's ChatGPT, and even Apple's new Apple Intelligence train their models on the open internet. The timing of this lawsuit was somewhat surprising. When this lawsuit landed, Suno was, in fact, having productive discussions with a number of the RIAA's major record label member

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星期日

  1. Zyphra Research

    Zyphra 发布 2.7B 端侧模型 Zamba2-small

    Zyphra 发布 Zamba2-small,一个面向端侧应用的 2.7B 小语言模型,权重以 Apache 2.0 开源。该模型将 Zamba-7B 的 Mamba1 块替换为 Mamba2 块,并采用两个 ABAB 交错共享注意力块,对每个共享 MLP 块应用 LoRA projector。相比 Phi3-3.8B,其首 token 时间快 2 倍、内存开销降低 27%、生成延迟低 1.29 倍,并保持 3-4B 稠密 Transformer 的质量而只需 1-2B 的推理算力与内存。

    mark performance and superior inference efficiency compared to models of a similar scale such as Gemma2-2.7B (Google), StableLM-3B (StabilityAI), OpenELM-3B (Apple) and Phi2-2.7B (Microsoft); Architectural improvements over Zamba-7B :Mamba1 blocks have been replaced with Mamba2 blocks; Instead of a single shared attention block, we utilize two shared attention blocks which are interleaved in an ABAB pattern throughout the network; We apply a LoRA projector to each shared MLP block, which allows

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