生成式 AI 弊大于利吗？Gary Marcus 的追问
Will Generative AI do more harm than good? - by Gary Marcus
Gary Marcus 认为当前生成式 AI 的负面清单已相当严重，包括非自愿深度伪造色情、钓鱼诈骗上升、大规模虚假信息、认知投降、政府对 LLM 的隐性影响威胁民主，以及 AI 被用作监控工具。他还提到被称为“Black October”和“The Hackening”的一连串黑客攻击，Salesforce CEO Marc Benioff 称其为“Code red”。Apollo 首席经济学家 Torsten Slok 则指出，许多被预期的正面效应并未兑现。
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Will Generative AI do more harm than good?
Things aren’t looking great.Gary MarcusOct 24, 2026
In early March 2023, I had a debate with Keith Teare, hosted by the organization Open to Debate, on the question of whether ChatGPT would do more harm than good. I think about that question a lot, nearly every day.
Right now, the negative argument against generative AI—the ledger of bad things—is quite serious. We have nonconsensual deep fake porn, a rise in phishing scams, wholesale disinformation, cognitive surrender, threats to democracy from the subtle influence of governments on LLMs, not to mention the use of generative AI as a surveillance tool. And the effects of all that IP theft on artists and writers, and potential negative effects more broadly across the employment market (though, mercifully, these have been more modest than some people expected).
And then there is the deluge of hacks that some have called “Black October”.
Paul Kedrosky just dubbed it The Hackening.
Marc Benioff, Salesforce’s CEO, called it a “Code red”, amplifying a dark tweet from Anthropic’s Jason Clinton. I think both are right. (Though, to be sure, Clinton thinks this awful period might last only a year or two.)Marc Benioff@BenioffJason is 100% right. Code red. 🚨Jason D. Clinton 🔸 @JasonDClintonas bad as things have gotten in the past 4 days, they are going to get a lot worse before they get better. security leaders, never let a crisis go to waste: please go to your boards and ask for help right now. not for ai, for the basics. (we need to hold on for ~18 months.)11:09 PM · Oct 22, 2026 · 844K Views
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But what about the positive side? Are all these risks worth taking? Torsten Slok, chief economist at Apollo Global Management, at times fairly positive about the technology, just made a brutal case that many of the positive effects we were led to expect simply aren’t materializing:
It ain’t over yet. And I certainly have friends who have gotten a lot out of generative AI (mainly for coding), but at this point it’s not hard to make the argument that it has on the whole been a net detriment to society.
And there is still the chance it will pull down the entire economy.
Buckle up! Turbulence ahead.
Bonus: I will return to Open to Debate on Tuesday in Baltimore, partnered with Cathy O’Neil. No public livestream, but there will eventually be edited versions both on YouTube and many NPR affiliates, including WNYC.
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